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 Anglo-Sikh Wars;

Q: Discuss main causes of battle of Plassey and outcome of Battle of Plassey ? Use content according to the Question and frame your answer:  Causes of the battle of Plassey There were several causes which led to the outbreak of the battle of Plassey are given bellow. 1. Personality of Sirajuddaula He desired to use his powers as a ruler as effectively as were used by his predecessors while the English, emboldened by their success against the French in the South India, desired to engage themselves in fresh adventures and, therefore refused to accept his authority. He felt that the English not only refusing to obey his commands, but, probably intriguing with his enemies against him. 2. Internal conflict: Internal conflicts among  the noble for getting throne . 3.. Refusal to accept the authority of the Nawab: The Company did not give due recognition to the authority of the Nawab. They did not give presents to the Nawab as was the custom at the time of his coronation. At one...

 Trace the reasons for the English success and  French failure in the  Carnatic War?10M OR :Explain the Role of Duplex in Carnatic wars?

  The English French Rivalry :  While the English found a tougher rival in the Dutch than in the Portuguese, the French outrivaled both. The English and the French fought their utmost in the 18th century to obtain India as booty. There was a serious contest with a view to control India for the supreme “trading” advantages of one Company at the expense of others by means of subduing the power of the Indian rulers and using this power to the favour of one Company only.  The French Company, however, passed through very bad days, even selling its licences to others till 1720. Their rivalry with the Dutch over India led to capture of Pondicherry by the Dutch in 1693, though it was given back to the French by the Treaty of Ryswick. At other places also its influence declined. By early 18th century French factories at Bantam, Surat and Machilipatnam had to be abandoned, and its resources were exhausted. The French interest in India, however, revived with the formation of “The Pe...

 Introduction:  On the eve of the British conquest, Indian socio-cultural and political ethos was in a state of turmoil. A study of the socio-political scence are is must instructive. lt reveals some of the defects and weakness of Indian medieval social, economic and political structure which were responsible for the eventual defeat of the country by the English East lndia Company. 1 Political Weakness Decaying Nobilit y One of the foremost political weakness before the comping of the British was position of nobility. The weakness of the King could have been successfully overcome and covered by an alert efficient and loyal nobility. The character of nobility had also deteoriated. Lack of Nationalism - An important, political wakeness before the coming of British was absence of the spirit of political nationalism among the people. This was because lndia at the time lacked political nationalism among the people. This was because lndia at the time lacked the element which co...

 Discuss major factors responsible for the raise the colonial rule  in India?

 Modern India Question and Answer writing approach :Keeping mind 1.you need to remember the events happen form enter of Portuguese to till independence. 2.Based on question recollect events and make answer effective. 3.factors ,causes ,reasons ,significance of the event were common while reading  4.Dont try to give information what you know ,but arrange the events according to the question. 5Histography and Historian opinions need to remind carefully . 6.Interpret the answer with events ..according to the question

 The establishment of the Delhi Sultanate led to the beginning of a new phase in the cultural development of the country. The assimilation of the Turkish, Arabic and Persian cultures with Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism led to the development of a new culture known as the Indo-Islamic culture. This culture was neither purely Muslim nor completely Hindu but was a fusion of both religions. The Mughal Period marked the consolidation of the composite culture in India Factors Leading to the Growth of Composite Culture Factors which led to the growth of composite culture during the Mughal Period:   The rich cultural traditions of the Mughals and the centuries old glorious cultural traditions of the Hindus created an atmosphere of religious tolerance. This marked the growth and consolidation of the composite culture imbibing the main features of Hinduism and Islam.   Because the Mughal kings had immense wealth, they were able to provide patronage to various writers, poets and o...

 Vijayanagara Architecture:  Vijayanagara empire rose to power during 14th century and was the only Hindu kingdom in peninsular south India after the fall of great dynasties of south like Cholas, Pandyas, Hoysalas and Kakatiyas. Having stemmed from a multicultural region that had seen the rise and fall of many dynasties and home to so many different architectural styles, it was only natural that the Vijayanagara architecture combined the best of features of the above mentioned dynasties and further enhanced them to what historian Percy Brown terms as ‘supremely passionate flowering of Dravidian style’. Many magnificent temples adorn their once stellar but now ruined capital Vijayanagara (today’s Hampi) in Bellary district of Karanataka. More such temples are seen in the subsequent capitals of the kingdom at Penukonda, Chandragiri, Vellore and other places in the southern peninsula. As is amply clear from the architectural masterpieces of Vijayanagara dynasty that more places o...

 Kakatiyas- an indigenous Telugu dynasty ruled over the Andhradesa consisting of modern states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh from 10th century AD to the first quarter of 14th century AD. The name ‘Kakatiya’ is derived from goddess Kakati- a mother goddess Durga, venerated by the dynasty. Though the Kakatiyas were influenced by the Chalukya architectural style they added their distinctive features to it. However, an uncanny resemblance can be observed between the architecture of the Kakatiyas and Hoysalas- who were contemporaries of Kakatiyas ruling the neighbouring Kannada speaking region. The architectural legacy of the Kalyana Chalukyas was developed further by both the dynasties simultaneously adding to it their own flavour Salient features of Kaktiyas Temple architecture : ∙ Keerthi toranas are a distinct style for the gateways to temple complexes, unique only to the Kakatiyas. These toranas of magnificent proportions stand testimony to the highly evolved aesthetics of the K...

  Kakatiya era boasted of many paintings and murals. The Chitrasala of Machal Devi, the favourite courtesan of King Prataparudra was famous for its religious as well as erotic paintings. Unfortunately the Chitrasala and the Chitra Mandapa with paintings depicting scenes from battles fought by the heroic Brahma Naidu, were destroyed during the Tughlaq attack. Only a few faded remains of Kakatiya paintings can be seen in the temples of Pillalamarri, Ghanpur and Palampet significant being them the portrayal of Samudra manthan in blue. Lack of documentation, in depth research and the sorry condition of the few remaining paintings have been responsible for the loss of this treasure to the ravages of time. All we have today are inscriptions and epigraphical records. There were 1500 painters living in and around Waranagal, according to Pratapa Charitram, so the style did not loose away completely but found a new expression and medium in scroll paintings. Patachitra was how masses were edu...

Write a short note on Nature and significance of Bhakti and Sufi Movements?10M  Bhakti as a religious concept means devotional surrender to a personally conceived supreme God for attaining salvation. The origin of this doctrine has been traced to both the Brahmanical and Buddhist traditions of ancient India and to various scriptures such as the Gita The saiva Nayanar saints and vaisnava Alvar saints of South India spread the concept of bhakti among different sections of the society irrespective of caste and sex during the period between the 7th and the 10th century. From 13th to 15th century many popular socio-religious movements flourished in North and East India and Maharashtra. Emphasis on bhakti and religious equality characterized these movements. Almost all the bhakti movements of the Sultanate period have been related to one South Indian vaishnava achariya or the other FACTORS FOR THE RISE OF THE BHAKTI MOVEMENT: POLITICAL FACTOR; The advent of Islam and the establishment of...

  Advent of Islam and its impact on Indian Society ?10M(150words)

 The coming of the foreigners established intimate contacts between central Asia and India. The turn of the millennium had been a period of central Asian intervention in the history of Northern India that took the form of conquest, migrations and commerce. · The second Greek conquest of India of Demetrius, Eucratides and Menander penetrated deep into the Indian Territory with the obvious purpose of setting up an empire. India and China were brought closer through the interlinking Oases and through Kushana territory bordering both The Sakas and the Kushanas strengthened the idea of the Divine origin of kingship. The Indo Greek kings and the Kushanas took exalted titles ‘Rajadhiraja’ (king of kings), ‘Daivaputra’ (son of heaven), Soter (Savior) and Kaisara (caesor). The Kushanas introduced the Satrap system of Government where as the Greeks followed the practice of military Governship. The Sakas and Kushanas added new ingredients to Indian culture and enriched it immensely. They...

 Introduction : common  introduction for Gupta period The Gupta period has variously been regarded as India's Golden Age or the Classical Age. It lasted for two centuries, beginning from the early 4th century and ending in about the middle of the 6th century CE. It is believed that the political peace secured by the Gupta dynasty and centered in the Gangetic basin, produced an unparalleled urbanity in which art, literature, religion, learning, and science flourished and reached "classical" perfection. write a short note on:   Society: From the account of Fa hsien 1.Examine  the fa hsien views on Gupta society? 2.Religious Development during Gupta period? Fa hsien, the Chinese traveller refers to an idyllic and idealized Indian society in the 5th centur y. He describes the happy and contented people enjoying a life of peace and prosperity. They did not have to register their households or appear before magistrates.Pataliputra,  The Gupta capital was the...

 Introduction:   The Satavahanas who rose to power on the ruins of the Mauryan Empire dominated the destinies of Deccan for more than four hundred and fifty years. It constitutes one of the glorious epochs of Indian History. The Satavahanas achieved political unification of Deccan and dominated the region located in between the South and North India. Hence it has been styled by some historians “The bridge kingdom” and acted as link between two halves of India. Social Conditions : Social life: During the Satavahana period people lived mostly in villages, but industrial and commercial activities lead to the growth of many towns in Deccan. Both the towns and villages built besides the perennial sources of water. Villages were surrounded by agriculture and posture lands and gardens. Cities were protected by high walls with several entrances surmounted by toranas . Castes and professions: By the time of Satavahanas, the caste system or the fourfold division of the society in t...

  Introduction :  The phase from c 325 to 187 BCE is well known to have been dominated by the Mauryan Empire in early Indian history. It was a pan-Indian empire. Such a large empire was supported by the large and permanent Army as well as the large bureaucratic administrative system. These two things naturally necessitated the availability of a huge amount of resources. This led the Mauryan ruler to adopt the economic policy of direct state control over the economic activities of the phase.  Major sources of Economic development to understand Mauryan period: Economic developments in the light of the following sources of information. These are as follows  Accounts of Diodorus Siculus (late2nd century BCE),  Strabo’s Geographikon (late 1st century BCE)  Arrian’s Indika (CE 1st/2nd century )  Megasthenes’s Indika (contemporary to Chandragupta Maurya)  The Arthasastra of Kautilya (said not before the 1st or 2nd century CE)  Inscriptions of Asoka Maurya. Agriculture ...