Kakatiyas- an indigenous Telugu dynasty ruled over the Andhradesa consisting of modern states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh from 10th century AD to the first quarter of 14th century AD. The name ‘Kakatiya’ is derived from goddess Kakati- a mother goddess Durga, venerated by the dynasty. Though the Kakatiyas were influenced by the Chalukya architectural style they added their distinctive features to it. However, an uncanny resemblance can be observed between the architecture of the Kakatiyas and Hoysalas- who were contemporaries of Kakatiyas ruling the neighbouring Kannada speaking region. The architectural legacy of the Kalyana Chalukyas was developed further by both the dynasties simultaneously adding to it their own flavour Salient features of Kaktiyas Temple architecture : ∙ Keerthi toranas are a distinct style for the gateways to temple complexes, unique only to the Kakatiyas. These toranas of magnificent proportions stand testimony to the highly evolved aesthetics of the K...
The primary cause for the rise of Jainism and Buddhism was the religious unrest in India in the 6th Century BCE. Several social, economic, religious factors were also responsible for the emergence of heterodox religions like Buddhism and Jainism, In the Post-Vedic period the society was divided into four varnas viz, Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras. The Brahmanas who occupied the top most place in the society became the custodians of religion and learning. The Kshatriyas reacted very sharply against the ritualistic domination and the enviable social status enjoyed by the Brahmanas. Gautama, the Buddha, the founder of Buddhism and Vardhamana Mahavira, the promoter of Jainism were Kshatriyas. Both of them questioned the authority of the Brahmanas. In the Bramanical society, the Vaisyas were ranked third. During this period, due to the emergence of agrarian economy, expansion of trade and commerce, and finally the formation of guilds made the Vaisya community economically po...
The Harappan economy was based on irrigated surplus agriculture, cattle rearing, proficiency in various crafts and brisk trade, internal and external. Agriculture: The Harappan economy was an agrarian economy. They exploited the fertile flood plains of the Indus basin to the maximum. They knew the art of ploughing, but they used wooden ploughs. The plough marks discovered at Kalibangan and the discovery of a terracotta plough model at Banwali bear evidence to it. There is no evidence to show that canal water irrigation was known to the Harappans. The most important reason for the fertility of the Indus basin seems to have been the annual inundation of the Indus River. The Harappans sowed seeds in the flood plains in November when the flood water receded to river and reaped the harvest of wheat and barley in the month of April before the advent of floods; Main crops were wheat and barley. Evidence for the cultivation of rice comes only from Lothal and Rangpur in Gujarat. No e...
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